Linux File System Hierarchy: Understanding the Directory Structure (2023)

The Linux file system hierarchy is a well-organized and standardized structure that ensure consistency across all Linux distributions. Understanding the Linux file system hierarchy is essential for any Linux system administrator, developer, or user.

In this blog post, we will explain the directory structure of the Linux file system hierarchy.

The Root File System

The root file system, denoted by /, is the top level directory of the Linux file system hierarchy. All other directories and files are organized beneath the root file system. The root file system contains essential directories, including below directories,

/bin

The bin directory contains binary executable files that are essential to the Linux system, such as the ls and cp commands.

/boot

The boot directory contains the boot loader, kernel, and other files required for booting the Linux system.

/dev

The dev directory contains device files that represent hardware devices such as hard drives, USB devices, and DVD drives.

/etc

The etc directory contains system configuration files, such as the network configuration files.

/home

The home directory contains the home directories of users in the system.

/lib

The lib directory contains libraries used by the system and other programs.

/media

The media directory is used to mount removeable media devices such as USB drives and CDs.

/mnt

The mnt directory is used to mount file systems temporarily.

/opt

The opt directory contains optional software packages installed on the system.

/proc

The proc directory contains information about the system and running processes.

/root

The root directory is the home directory of the root user.

/run

The run directory contains runtime data of the system and applications.

/sbin

The sbin directory contains system binaries that can only be executed by the root user.

/srv

The srv directory contains data for services provided by the system, such as web pages.

/sys

The sys directory contains information about the system hardware.

/tmp

The tmp directory contains temporary files created by application and the system.

/usr

The usr directory contains user programs and support files, including libraries, documentation, and executables.

/var

The var directory contains variable data files, such as log files, that change frequently during the operation of the system.

Conclison

The Linux file system hierarchy provides a standardized and well organized structure for organizing files and directories on Linux systems. Understanding the Linux file system hierarchy is essential for Linux system administrators, developers, and users. With a good understanding of the directory structure, you can easily navigate the Linux file system and locate essential system files and directories.

FAQs

Why is There a Standardized File System Hierarchy in Linux?

Ans: A standardized file system hierarchy ensure consistency across different Linux distribution and makes it easier for system administrators, developers, and users to understand and navigate the file system.

Why is the root file system denoted by / ?

Ans: The / symbol is used to denote the root directory because it is starting point for all other directories and files in the file system hierarchy.

Can we create our own directories in the Linux file system hierarchy?

Ans: Yes, we can create our own directories in the Linux file system hierarchy. However, it is generally recommended to follow the standardized hierarchy and create new directories under the appropriate parent directory to ensure consistency and compatibility with other Linux systems.

Is it possible to mount a directory under multiple parent directories in the Linux file system hierarchy?

Ans: No, it is not possible to mount a directory under multiple parent directories in the Linux file system hierarchy. Each directory can only have one parent directory, and mounting a directory under a new parent directory effectively moves it from it’s original location in the file system hierarchy.

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